Լևոն Ենգիբարյան

Dis — appear, continue, trust
non — сonventional, smoker
il — literate, logical,

mis — trust, lead

im — mature, polite, personal

un — justified, aссessible, rational, сonventional, avoidable

in — sensitive, conclusive,

ir — rational, regular

1. other
2. as
3. onto
4. while
5. every
6. which
7. whether
8. it’s
9. .
10. is

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1q8902DbIc1awDOrei_Dz_UEv5GWd1yDBJx2D06imbEg/edit#slide=id.p

«Living life to the fullest» is a concept I disagree with. Not because it’s wrong, but because I find the task impossible.
The way our life goes is school, university, job, retirement and death. Unless you’re born stupidly rich, you can’t live your life to the fullest. For that you need money, for money — you need a job, for a good job you need education (or luck).
I am generally not a big fan of trying new things in life. For example, when in a restaurant, I usually order things I know and like. If I try something new, there’s a risk that I don’t like it. Now I have wasted my evening, I have wasted my money, and left the restaurant unsatisfied. What I’m trying to say is, change equals risk. I prefer to play it safe, stick with what I know I’d like, the good old reliable.

I would be grateful if could send me further information about…
Please could you acknowledge receipt of this letter.

Please find my CV attached to this email.

I would very much appreciate an early response to my letter.

I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience.

The European Court of Justice (ECJ) stands as a pivotal institution within the framework of the European Union (EU). Established in 1952, the ECJ plays a crucial role in ensuring the uniform interpretation and application of EU law. Its significance extends beyond legal matters, influencing the shaping of European integration, the protection of individual rights, and the maintenance of the rule of law across the EU member states. This essay aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the European Court of Justice, exploring its functions, structure, and the impact it has had on the European Union’s legal and political landscape.

The European Court of Justice serves as the highest judicial authority in matters of EU law, guaranteeing its uniform interpretation and application across the member states. Comprised of two courts, the Court of Justice and the General Court, the ECJ oversees the compliance of EU institutions, member states, and individuals with the provisions of EU law. The Court of Justice deals primarily with requests for preliminary rulings from national courts, infringement proceedings against member states, and actions brought by EU institutions or member states against each other. On the other hand, the General Court handles direct actions brought by individuals, companies, or organizations against EU institutions.

The ECJ comprises one judge from each EU member state, appointed for a renewable six-year term. The judges elect a President from among themselves, who serves a renewable three-year term. The Court of Justice is supported by Advocates General, who provide impartial legal opinions on the cases brought before the court, aiding the judges in reaching their final decisions.

The ECJ has played a vital role in the development and consolidation of European integration. Through its decisions, the Court has contributed to the establishment of the principles of direct effect, supremacy, and uniform application of EU law. The doctrine of direct effect allows individuals to rely on EU law directly before national courts, ensuring its enforceability at the national level. The principle of supremacy dictates that EU law takes precedence over conflicting national laws, thereby guaranteeing the uniform application of EU law across all member states.

Furthermore, the ECJ has been instrumental in shaping the expansion of EU competencies, often ruling in favor of a broad interpretation of EU law to further the integration process. Its judgments have paved the way for the expansion of the EU’s legislative powers, ensuring the harmonization of laws and policies across diverse sectors, including trade, competition, and human rights.

The European Court of Justice serves as a guardian of individual rights within the EU, upholding the principles of non-discrimination, equality, and fundamental freedoms. Through its jurisprudence, the ECJ has expanded the scope of fundamental rights protection, emphasizing the importance of human dignity and the rule of law in the EU legal order. Its decisions have led to the development of a robust framework for the protection of fundamental rights, ensuring that EU law respects and upholds the rights enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

Moreover, the ECJ has been pivotal in safeguarding the rule of law within the EU, ensuring that all member states adhere to the principles of democracy, transparency, and effective judicial protection. The Court has actively intervened in cases where member states have violated the fundamental principles of the EU, emphasizing the significance of adherence to the rule of law for the stability and integrity of the Union.

The European Court of Justice stands as a cornerstone of the European Union’s legal system, playing a fundamental role in ensuring the uniform interpretation and application of EU law. Through its functions, the ECJ has significantly contributed to the process of European integration, the protection of individual rights, and the maintenance of the rule of law within the EU. Its impact transcends legal matters, influencing the broader political, social, and economic landscape of the European Union. As the EU continues to evolve, the European Court of Justice remains a vital institution, safeguarding the fundamental values and principles upon which the Union was founded.